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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549


FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)  

ý

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2008

OR

o

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                        to                         

Commission File Number 001-15283


IHOP CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
  95-3038279
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

450 North Brand Boulevard,
Glendale, California

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

91203-1903
(Zip Code)

(818) 240-6055
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý    No o

        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ý
Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if a smaller
reporting company)
  Accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting company o

        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o    No ý

        Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class
  Outstanding as of April 25, 2008
Common Stock, $.01 par value   17,396,847





IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

 
   
  Page
PART I.   FINANCIAL INFORMATION   2
    Item 1—Financial Statements   2
        Consolidated Balance Sheets—March 31, 2008 (unaudited) and December 31, 2007   2
        Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited)—Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 and 2007   3
        Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)—Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 and 2007   4
        Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements   5
    Item 2—Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations   17
    Item 3—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk   37
    Item 4—Controls and Procedures   37
PART II.   OTHER INFORMATION   38
    Item 1—Legal Proceedings   38
    Item 1A—Risk Factors   38
    Item 2—Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds   38
    Item 3—Defaults Upon Senior Securities   39
    Item 4—Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders   39
    Item 5—Other Information   39
    Item 6—Exhibits   39
    Signatures   40


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.    Financial Statements.

IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share amounts)

 
  March 31,
2008

  December 31,
2007

 
 
  (Unaudited)
   
 
Assets              
Current assets              
  Cash and cash equivalents   $ 33,084   $ 26,838  
  Restricted cash     105,452     128,138  
  Short-term investments, at market value     302     300  
  Receivables, net     86,938     115,335  
  Inventories     13,205     13,280  
  Prepaid income taxes     27,665     30,695  
  Prepaid expenses     13,882     30,831  
  Deferred income taxes     25,470     21,862  
  Assets held for sale     45,108     60,347  
  Current assets related to discontinued operations     5,834     6,052  
   
 
 
    Total current assets     356,940     433,678  
   
 
 
Non-current restricted cash     64,372     57,962  
Restricted assets related to captive insurance subsidiary     7,838     10,518  
Long-term receivables     285,863     288,452  
Property and equipment, net     1,120,844     1,139,616  
Goodwill     734,462     730,728  
Other intangible assets, net     1,012,755     1,011,457  
Other assets, net     158,189     156,193  
Non-current assets related to discontinued operations     2,558     2,558  
   
 
 
    Total assets   $ 3,743,821   $ 3,831,162  
   
 
 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity              
Current liabilities              
  Accounts payable   $ 48,922   $ 99,019  
  Accrued employee compensation and benefits     53,372     56,795  
  Deferred revenue     44,715     76,802  
  Accrued financing costs     62,934     63,045  
  Other accrued expenses     58,672     49,203  
  Deferred compensation     1,264     21,236  
  Accrued interest payable     6,247     15,240  
   
 
 
    Total current liabilities     276,126     381,340  
   
 
 
Long-term debt     2,265,947     2,263,887  
Capital lease obligations, less current maturities     167,009     168,242  
Deferred income taxes     504,034     504,865  
Other liabilities     118,888     113,103  
Non-current liabilities related to discontinued operations     3,302     3,302  
Commitments and contingencies              
Preferred stock, Series A, $1 par value, 220,000 shares authorized; 190,000 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007     187,050     187,050  
Stockholders' equity              
  Convertible Preferred stock, Series B, at accreted value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 35,000 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007     35,702     35,181  
  Common stock, $.01 par value, 40,000,000 shares authorized; March 31, 2008: 23,615,673 shares issued and 17,385,078 shares outstanding; December 31, 2007: 23,359,664 shares issued and 17,105,469 shares outstanding     230     230  
Additional paid-in-capital     153,953     149,564  
Retained earnings     343,102     338,790  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss     (35,016 )   (36,738 )
Treasury stock, at cost (6,230,595 shares and 6,254,195 shares at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively)     (276,506 )   (277,654 )
   
 
 
    Total stockholders' equity     221,465     209,373  
   
 
 
    Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 3,743,821   $ 3,831,162  
   
 
 

See the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

2



IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 
  Three Months Ended March 31,
 
  2008
  2007
Revenues            
  Franchise revenues   $ 89,934   $ 47,050
  Company restaurant sales     311,922     3,984
  Rental income     32,965     33,010
  Financing revenues     7,968     6,080
   
 
    Total revenues     442,789     90,124
   
 
Costs and Expenses            
  Franchise expenses     23,377     21,221
  Company restaurant expenses     276,546     4,613
  Rental expenses     24,709     24,581
  Financing expenses     3,339     472
  General and administrative expenses     47,574     16,121
  Interest expense     50,647     2,215
  Amortization of intangible assets     2,899    
  Other (income) expense, net     (1,782 )   749
  Early debt extinguishment costs         2,223
   
 
    Total costs and expenses     427,309     72,195
   
 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes     15,480     17,929
Provision for income taxes     1,538     6,616
   
 
Income from continuing operations     13,942     11,313
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax     (88 )  
   
 
Net income   $ 13,854   $ 11,313
   
 
Net income   $ 13,854   $ 11,313
  Less: Series A preferred stock dividends     (4,750 )  
  Less: Accretion of Series B preferred stock     (521 )  
   
 
Net income available to common stockholders   $ 8,583   $ 11,313
   
 
Net income available to common stockholders per share            
  Basic   $ 0.50   $ 0.63
   
 
  Diluted   $ 0.50   $ 0.63
   
 
Weighted average shares outstanding            
  Basic     17,200     17,842
   
 
  Diluted     17,424     18,046
   
 
Dividends declared per common share   $ 0.25   $ 0.25
   
 
Dividends paid per common share   $ 0.25   $ 0.25
   
 

See the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

3



IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

 
  Three Months Ended
March 31,

 
 
  2008
  2007
 
Cash flows from operating activities              
Net income   $ 13,854   $ 11,313  
  Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows provided by operating activities              
    Depreciation and amortization     28,783     5,180  
    Debt extinguishment and other costs         2,223  
    Deferred income taxes     (4,898 )   (995 )
    Stock-based compensation expense     3,072     1,065  
    Tax benefit from stock-based compensation     984     1,498  
    Excess tax benefit from stock options exercised     (251 )   (1,498 )
    Gain on disposition of assets     (219 )    
    Changes in operating assets and liabilities              
      Receivables     28,171     2,637  
      Inventories     75     (19 )
      Prepaid expenses     2,661     1,789  
      Accounts payable     (23,999 )   5  
      Accrued employee compensation and benefits     (3,423 )   (4,813 )
      Deferred revenues     (32,086 )    
      Other accrued expenses     (4,937 )   (1,713 )
    Other     2,175     (855 )
   
 
 
        Cash flows provided by operating activities     9,962     15,817  
   
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities              
    Additions to property and equipment     (18,102 )   (784 )
    Additions to long-term receivables     (1,390 )   (659 )
    Payment of accrued acquisition costs     (10,001 )    
    Collateral released by captive insurance subsidiary     2,680      
    Proceeds from sale of property and equipment     30      
    Principal receipts from notes and equipment contracts receivable     4,219     3,934  
    Reductions (additions) to assets held for sale     12,386     (429 )
    Property insurance proceeds     (37 )   (26 )
   
 
 
        Cash flows (used in) provided by investing activities     (10,215 )   2,036  
   
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities              
    Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt         190,000  
    Repayment of long-term debt         (129,206 )
    Principal payments on capital lease obligations     (1,391 )   (1,583 )
    Dividends paid     (6,012 )   (4,464 )
    Payment of preferred stock issuance costs     (1,500 )    
    Purchase of treasury stock, net     1,056     (30,961 )
    Proceeds from stock options exercised     664     3,719  
    Excess tax benefit from stock options exercised     251     1,498  
    Payment of debt issuance costs     (2,845 )   (13,335 )
    Prepayment penalties on early debt extinguishment         (1,219 )
    Restricted cash related to securitization     16,276      
   
 
 
        Cash flows provided by financing activities     6,499     14,449  
   
 
 
    Net change in cash and cash equivalents     6,246     32,302  
    Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year     26,838     19,516  
   
 
 
    Cash and cash equivalents at end of year   $ 33,084   $ 51,818  
   
 
 
Supplemental disclosures              
    Interest paid   $ 49,631   $ 7,637  
    Income taxes paid   $ 1,111   $ 2,660  

See the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

4



IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. General

        The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of IHOP Corp. (the "Company") have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three-month period ended March 31, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2008.

        The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2007 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.

        For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.

2. Basis of Presentation

        The Company's fiscal quarter ends on the Sunday closest to the last day of each quarter. For convenience, we report all fiscal quarter endings on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31.

        On November 29, 2007, the Company completed the acquisition of Applebee's International, Inc. ("Applebee's") pursuant to an agreement and plan of merger entered into by and among the Company, CHLH Corp. and Applebee's. Upon consummation of the acquisition, Applebee's became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

        The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company's management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to provisions for doubtful accounts, legal contingencies, income taxes, long-lived assets and goodwill. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

        Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year information to conform to the current year presentation.

3. New Accounting Pronouncements

        In September 2006, the FASB issued FASB Statement ("SFAS") No. 157, Fair Value Measurements ("SFAS 157") which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 requires companies to disclose the fair value of their financial instruments according to a fair value hierarchy, as defined. SFAS 157 may

5


IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

3. New Accounting Pronouncements (Continued)


require companies to provide additional disclosures based on that hierarchy. SFAS 157 was to be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157, which delayed for one year the applicability of SFAS 157's fair-value measurements to certain nonfinancial assets and liabilities. The Company adopted SFAS 157 as of January 1, 2008, except as it applies to those nonfinancial assets and liabilities affected by the one-year delay. The partial adoption of SFAS 157 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting the remaining provisions of SFAS 157 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

        In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Liabilities—Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 ("SFAS 159"). SFAS 159 expands the use of fair value accounting but does not affect existing standards which requires assets or liabilities to be carried at fair value. The objective of SFAS 159 is to improve financial reporting by providing companies with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. Under SFAS 159, a company may elect to use fair value to measure eligible items at specified election dates and report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. Eligible items include, but are not limited to, accounts and loans receivable, available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities, equity method investments, accounts payable, guarantees, issued debt and firm commitments. On January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS 159 and has not elected to use fair value measurement on any assets or liabilities under this statement.

        In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations ("SFAS 141(R)"). SFAS 141(R) establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired. SFAS 141(R) also establishes disclosure requirements to enable the evaluation of the nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS 141(R) is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. We will adopt SFAS 141(R) in the first quarter of fiscal 2009 and apply the provisions of this statement for any acquisition after the adoption date. We are currently evaluating the potential impact, if any, of the adoption of SFAS 141(R) on our consolidated financial statements.

        In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ("SFAS 161"). This statement requires companies to provide enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why they use derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under Statement 133 and its related interpretations, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect a company's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company will adopt the new disclosure requirements on or before the required effective date. As SFAS 161 does not change current accounting practice, there will be no impact on the consolidated financial statements.

6


IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

4. Business Acquisition

        The total transaction value (including direct transaction costs and expenses) of the Applebee's acquisitions was approximately $2.0 billion. The Company has accounted for the Applebee's acquisition using the purchase method and, accordingly, the results of operations related to this acquisition have been included in the consolidated results of the Company since the acquisition date. The estimated purchase price for this acquisition was allocated to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date of November 29, 2007. The Company believes the fair values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were based on reasonable assumptions. The purchase price allocation for the Applebee's acquisition is preliminary. The Company's fair value estimates for the purchase price allocation may change during the allowable allocation period, which is up to one year from the acquisition date, if additional information becomes available. As of March 31, 2008, neither the purchase price nor the allocation thereof has changed materially since December 31, 2007.

        The unaudited pro forma data of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2007 set forth below gives effect to the Applebee's acquisition as if it had occurred at the beginning of 2007 and includes (1) the amortization of other comprehensive loss resulted from a swap the Company entered into in July 2007 to hedge the interest payments on the securitization transactions which were entered into on November 29, 2007 to finance the acquisition; (2) interest expense (including amortization) related to the securitization transactions that took place during 2007; (3) additional depreciation and amortization expense related to the pro forma stepped-up basis of assets acquired in the acquisition and (4) the tax effect resulting from the pro forma adjustments based on an assumed effective annual tax rate of 39.5%. This pro forma data is presented for informational purposes only and does not purport to be indicative of the results of future operations of the Company or of the results that would have actually been attained had the acquisition taken place at the beginning of 2007.

 
  Three Months Ended
March 31,

 
 
  2008 actual
  2007 pro forma
 
 
  (In thousands, except
per share amounts)

 
Total revenues   $ 442,789   $ 427,754  
Total net income (loss)   $ 13,942   $ (1,241 )
Total net income (loss) available to common shareholders   $ 8,583   $ (6,516 )
Pro forma net income (loss) per share              
  Basic   $ 0.50   $ (0.37 )
  Diluted   $ 0.50   $ (0.37 )

5. Segments

        The Company's revenues and expenses are recorded in four segments: franchise operations, company restaurant operations, rental operations, and financing operations. Within each segment, the Company operates two distinct restaurant concepts: Applebee's and IHOP.

7


IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

5. Segments (Continued)

        The franchise operations segment consists of restaurants operated by Applebee's franchisees in the United States, 17 countries outside the United States and one U.S. territory. Franchise operations revenue consists primarily of franchise royalty revenues. Franchise operations expenses include costs related to intellectual property provided to certain franchisees.

        The company restaurant operations segment consists of company-operated restaurants in the United States and China. Company restaurant sales are retail sales at company-operated restaurants. Company restaurant expenses are operating expenses at company-operated restaurants and include food, labor, benefits, utilities, rent and other restaurant operating costs. The operating results of this segment are substantially generated by Applebee's restaurants.

        Rental operations and financing operations activities are not currently part of Applebee's business.

        The franchise operations segment consists of restaurants operated by IHOP franchisees and area licensees in the United States, one U.S. territory and two countries outside the United States. Franchise operations revenue consists primarily of franchise royalty revenues, sales of proprietary products, franchise advertising fees and the portion of the franchise fees allocated to IHOP intellectual property. Franchise operations expenses include advertising expense, the cost of proprietary products and pre-opening training expenses and other franchise-related costs.

        The company restaurant operations segment consists of company-operated restaurants in the United States. In addition, from time to time, restaurants that are reacquired from franchisees are operated by IHOP on a temporary basis. Company restaurant sales are retail sales at company-operated restaurants. Company restaurant expenses are operating expenses at company-operated restaurants and include food, labor, benefits, utilities, rent and other restaurant operating costs.

        Rental operations revenue includes revenue from operating leases and interest income from direct financing leases. Rental operations expenses are costs of operating leases and interest expense on capital leases on franchisee-operated restaurants.

        Financing operations revenue consists of the portion of franchise fees not allocated to IHOP intellectual property, sales of equipment, as well as interest income from the financing of franchise fees and equipment leases. Financing expenses are primarily the cost of restaurant equipment.

8


IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

5. Segments (Continued)

        Information on segments is as follows:

 
  For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
  2008
   
 
 
  Applebee's
  IHOP
  Total
  2007
 
 
  (In thousands)

 
Revenues from External Customers                          
Franchise operations   $ 37,937   $ 51,997   $ 89,934   $ 47,050  
Company restaurants     308,027     3,895     311,922     3,984  
Rental operations         32,965     32,965     33,010  
Financing operations         7,968     7,968     6,080  
   
 
 
 
 
  Total   $ 345,964   $ 96,825   $ 442,789   $ 90,124  
   
 
 
 
 
Interest Expense                          
Company restaurants   $ 138   $ 103   $ 241   $  
Rental operations         5,145     5,145     5,317  
Financing operations         26     26     5  
Corporate     41,926     8,721     50,647     2,215  
   
 
 
 
 
  Total   $ 42,064   $ 13,995   $ 56,059   $ 7,537  
   
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization                          
Franchise operations   $ 2,506   $   $ 2,506   $  
Company restaurants     11,523     189     11,712     201  
Rental operations         3,013     3,013     2,848  
Corporate     777     1,544     2,321     2,131  
   
 
 
 
 
  Total   $ 14,806   $ 4,746   $ 19,552   $ 5,180  
   
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes                          
Franchise operations   $ 37,507   $ 29,050   $ 66,557   $ 25,829  
Company restaurants     35,912     (536 )   35,376     (629 )
Rental operations         8,256     8,256     8,429  
Financing operations         4,629     4,629     5,608  
Corporate     (71,668 )   (27,670 )   (99,338 )   (21,308 )
   
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes   $ 1,751   $ 13,729   $ 15,480   $ 17,929  
   
 
 
 
 

6. Income Taxes

        The Company files U.S. federal income tax returns, as well as tax returns in various state and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2004, or to state or non-U.S. income tax examinations for years before 2000.

        The Company adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—An Interpretation of FASB No. 109 ("FIN 48") on January 1, 2007. As a result of the

9


IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

6. Income Taxes (Continued)


implementation of FIN 48, the Company recognized a $0.7 million increase in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits, excluding related income tax benefits, which was accounted for as a reduction of retained earnings at January 1, 2007. At December 31, 2007, the Company had a liability for unrecognized tax benefit including potential interest and penalties, net of related tax benefit, totaling $16.9 million, of which approximately $0.1 million is expected to be paid within one year. For the remaining liability, due to the uncertainties related to these tax matters, the Company is unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate when cash settlement with a taxing authority will occur.

        The total unrecognized tax benefit as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 was $13.9 million and $13.8 million, respectively, excluding interest, penalties and related income tax benefits. Of the $13.9 million, $3.1 million excluding related tax benefits would be included in the effective tax rate if recognized prior to adoption of SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations. The Company estimates the unrecognized tax benefits may decrease over the upcoming 12 months by an amount up to $0.4 million related to the settlement with taxing authorities and the lapse of the statute of limitations.

        As of March 31, 2008, the accrued interest and penalties were $8.4 million and $2.6 million, respectively, excluding any related income tax benefits. As of December 31, 2007, the accrued interest and penalties were $8.0 million and $2.6 million, respectively, excluding any related income tax benefits. The increase of $0.4 million of accrued interest is related to the accrual of interest during the quarter ended March 31, 2008. The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties as a component of income tax expense which is recognized in the statement of income.

        The Company has various state net operating loss carryovers representing $1.5 million of state taxes as of December 31, 2007. The net operating loss carryovers will expire, if unused, during the period from 2008 through 2027.

        The Company has recorded a deferred tax asset related to a change in the enacted tax law for the state of Michigan. The Company cannot assert on a more than likely basis that the asset will be realized. Therefore, a valuation allowance of $3.6 million has been recorded to offset the entire asset. Of the $3.6 million, $0.7 million was recorded in the year ended December 31, 2007 and $2.9 million was recorded as part of the preliminary purchase price allocation of Applebee's.

        The effective tax rate was 9.9% for the quarter ended March 31, 2008. The effective tax rate is lower than the federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to tax credits, partially offset by state income taxes. The tax credits are primarily FICA tip and other compensation-related tax credits associated with Applebee's company-owned restaurant operations.

10


IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

7. Debt

        Debt consists of the following components:

 
  March 31, 2008
(unaudited)

  December 31,
2007

 
 
  (In thousands)
 
Series 2007-1 Class A-2-I-X Fixed Rate Term Senior Notes due December 2037, at a fixed interest rate of 7.2836%   $ 350,000   $ 350,000  
Series 2007-1 Class A-2-II-A Fixed Rate Term Senior Notes due December 2037, at a fixed rate of 7.1767% (inclusive of an insurance premium of 0.75%)     675,000     675,000  
Series 2007-1 Class A-2-II-X Fixed Rate Term Senior Notes due December 2037, at a fixed rate of 7.0588%     650,000     650,000  
Series 2007-1 Class M-1 Fixed Rate Term Subordinated Notes due December 2037, at a fixed rate of 8.4044%     119,000     119,000  
Series 2007-1 Class A-1 Variable Funding Senior Notes, final maturity date December 2037, at a rate of 5.8% and 8.0% as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively     75,000     75,000  
Series 2007-1 Fixed Rate Notes due March 2037, at a fixed rate of 5.144% (inclusive of an insurance premium of 0.36%)     175,000     175,000  
Series 2007-2 Variable Funding Note, final maturity date March 2037, at a rate of 3.1% and 5.6% as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively     15,000     15,000  
Series 2007-3 Fixed Rate Term Notes due December 2037, at a fixed rate of 7.0588%     245,000     245,000  
Discount on Fixed Rate Notes     (38,053 )   (40,113 )
   
 
 
Total debt     2,265,947     2,263,887  
Less current maturities          
   
 
 
Long-term debt   $ 2,265,947   $ 2,263,887  
   
 
 

        For a complete description of the respective instruments, refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.

        The terms of the Series 2007-1 Class A-2-I-X Fixed Rate Term Senior Notes (the "Class A-2-I-X Notes") obligate the Company to use the proceeds from certain asset dispositions to repay the Class A-2-I-X Notes. If the Company repays the Class A-2-I-X Notes in whole or in part after June 20, 2008, and before December 2012, it will be required to make certain "make whole" payments on the Class A-2-I-X Notes. Such make whole payments will generally be equivalent to the difference between (a) the net present value of all remaining interest and principal payments related to the early pay down amount assuming a December 2012 repayment date and (b) the principal only related to the early pay down amount.

        If the Class A-2-I-X Notes, in whole or in part, remain outstanding after June 20, 2008, the interest rate applied to the outstanding balance is subject to adjustment. The "adjusted interest rate" would be the greater of (i) the current coupon rate; or (ii) a variable per annum rate equal to a

11


IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

7. Debt (Continued)


specified swap rate plus 3.355%. The formula for calculating the make whole and the adjusted interest rate is set forth in the Series 2007-1 Supplement to the Base Indenture, dated as of November 29, 2007. As of March 31, 2008, the variable rate is less than the coupon rate.

        For further information on the Company's Series 2007-1 Class A-2-I-X Fixed Rate Term Senior Notes, refer to Exhibit 4.22 included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.

8. Stock-Based Compensation

        From time to time, the Company grants stock options and restricted stock to officers, directors and employees of the Company under the 2001 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2001 Plan") and the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the "2005 Plan"). The stock options generally vest over a three-year period and have a maturity of ten years from the issuance date. Option exercise prices equal the closing price of the common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on the date of grant. Restricted stock provides for the issuance of a share of the Company's common stock at no cost to the holder and generally vests over terms determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors. The restricted stock generally vests only if the employee is actively employed by the Company on the vesting date, and unvested restricted shares are forfeited upon termination, retirement before age 65, death or disability, unless the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors determines otherwise. When vested options and restricted stock are issued, the Company generally issues new shares from its authorized but unissued share pool or utilizes treasury stock. Stock-based compensation for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 of $3.1 million and $1.1 million, respectively, has been recognized as a component of general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.

        The estimated fair values of the options granted year-to-date in 2008 were calculated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following summarizes the assumptions used in the 2008 Black-Scholes model:

Risk-free interest rate     2.75 %
Weighted average volatility     76.20 %
Dividend yield     2.50 %
Expected years until exercise     4.85  
Forfeitures     6.72 %
Weighted average fair value of options granted   $ 21.28  

12


IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

8. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)

        The following table summarizes the components of the Company's stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated financial statements:

 
  Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
  2008
  2007
 
 
  (In thousands)
 
Total Stock-Based Compensation:              
  Pre-tax compensation expense   $ 3,072     1,065  
  Tax benefit     (304 )   (393 )
   
 
 
Total stock-based compensation expense, net of tax   $ 2,768   $ 672  
   
 
 

        As of March 31, 2008, $22.5 million and $6.7 million (including forfeitures) of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock and stock options, respectively, is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.3 years for restricted stock and 2.8 years for stock options.

        Option activity under the Company's stock option plan as of March 31, 2008, and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2008, was as follows:

 
  Shares
  Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price

  Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(in Years)

  Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

Outstanding at December 31, 2007   541,756   $ 36.41          
Granted   365,000   $ 40.00          
Exercised   (31,000 ) $ 21.44          
Forfeited   (2,500 ) $ 48.09          
   
 
 
 
Outstanding at March 31, 2008   873,256   $ 38.41   7.39   $ 8,041,463
   
 
 
 
Vested at March 31, 2008 and Expected to Vest   823,707   $ 38.28   7.25   $ 7,691,800
   
 
 
 
Exercisable at March 31, 2008   491,033   $ 36.82   5.49   $ 5,325,780
   
 
 
 

        The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the Company's closing stock price on the last trading day of the first quarter of 2008 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on March 31, 2008. The amount of aggregate intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of the Company's stock and the number of in-the-money options.

13


IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

8. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)

        A summary of activity related to restricted stock for the three months ended March 31, 2008 is presented below:

 
  Shares
  Weighted
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value

Nonvested at December 31, 2007   435,290   $ 52.91
Granted   252,535   $ 40.12
Released   (27,325 ) $ 48.12
Forfeited   (27,225 ) $ 47.58
   
 
Nonvested at March 31, 2008   633,275   $ 48.24
   
 

9. Other Comprehensive Income

        The components of comprehensive income, net of taxes, are as follows:

 
  Three Months Ended March 31,
 
  2008
  2007
 
  (In thousands)
Net income:   $ 13,854   $ 11,313
Other comprehensive income:            
  Interest rate swap     1,722     133
   
 
Total comprehensive income   $ 15,576   $ 11,446
   
 

        The amount of income tax benefit allocated to the interest rate swap was $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

10. Assets Held for Sale

        In connection with the Applebee's acquisition, the Company assumed a contract to sell a corporate office building for $9.0 million, net of commissions. The Company closed this transaction in January 2008 and did not recognize a gain or loss. In December 2007, the Company began to actively market its corporate aircraft. The Company closed the sale of the aircraft in January 2008 for approximately $2.8 million. No gain or loss was recognized.

        In December 2007, the Company began to actively market 41 company-operated Applebee's restaurants. The marketing of these restaurants is part of the Company's plan to ultimately refranchise almost all of the 511 Applebee's restaurants over the next three years. On March 19, 2008, the Company reached an agreement to sell the restaurants, located in California and Nevada, subject to regulatory processes related to liquor license transfer and other customary closing conditions. The sale of these two markets is expected be completed in the third quarter of 2008. The assets for these restaurants, totaling $44.9 million, have been presented as assets held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2008.

14


IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

11. Net Income Per Share

        The computation of the Company's basic and diluted net income per share is as follows:

 
  Three Months Ended March 31,
 
  2008
  2007
 
  (In thousands, except per share data)
Numerator for basic and dilutive income—per common share:            
Net income   $ 13,854   $ 11,313
  Less: Series A preferred stock dividends     (4,750 )  
  Less: Accretion of Series B     (521 )  
   
 
Net income available to common stockholders   $ 8,583   $ 11,313
   
 
Denominator:            
Weighted average outstanding shares of common stock     17,200     17,842
Dilutive effect of:            
  Common stock equivalents     224     204
   
 
Common stock and common stock equivalents     17,424     18,046
   
 
Net income per common share:            
  Basic   $ 0.50   $ 0.63
   
 
  Diluted   $ 0.50   $ 0.63
   
 

        The effect of adding shares from the assumed conversion of Series B Convertible Preferred stock to the denominator and the related add-back of the dividends on Series B Convertible Preferred stock to the numerator is anti-dilutive.

12. Commitments and Contingencies

        The Company is subject to various lawsuits, claims and governmental inspections or audits arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of these lawsuits purport to be class actions and/or seek substantial damages. In the opinion of management, these matters are adequately covered by insurance or, if not so covered, are without merit or are of such a nature or involve amounts that would not have a material adverse impact on the Company's business or consolidated financial statements.

        On March 28, 2008, Burton M. Sack filed a verified petition in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware against Applebee's International, Inc. ("Applebee's) seeking appraisal pursuant to Section 262 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. The Company completed the acquisition of Applebee's on November 29, 2007. Section 262 of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides appraisal rights to the record holders of shares of any Delaware corporation that is a party to a merger or consolidation, subject to specified exceptions and to compliance with specified procedural requirements. Prior to the filing of the petition, Applebee's had received notices from stockholders, claiming to represent 3,197,263 shares of Applebee's stock, that they intend to seek an appraisal of those shares instead of accepting the merger consideration of $25.50 per share. On April 22, 2008

15


IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

12. Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

Applebee's filed and served its response to the petition. The Company believes that a strong case can be made that the fair value of Applebee's stock is not higher than the merger consideration but, at this early stage of the litigation, it is not possible reliably to predict what a court might award to appraisal petitioners as the fair value of their stock under Section 262.

        The Company is currently defending a collective action filed under the Fair Labor Standards Act styled Gerald Fast v. Applebee's International, Inc., in which named plaintiffs claim that tipped workers in company restaurants perform excessive amounts of non-tipped work for which they should be compensated at the minimum wage. The court has conditionally certified a nationwide class of servers and bartenders who have worked in company-operated Applebee's restaurants since June 19, 2004. Unlike a class action, a collective action requires potential class members to "opt in" rather than "opt out." On February 12, 2008, 5,540 opt-in forms were filed with the court. Conditional certification is granted under a lenient standard and the Company will have an opportunity to have the class de-certified following the close of discovery at the end of 2008. The Company believes it has strong defenses supporting the de-certification of the class, as well as strong defenses to the substantive claims asserted, and intends to vigorously defend this case. An estimate of the possible loss, if any, or the range of the loss cannot be made and, therefore, the Company has not accrued a loss contingency related to this matter.

13. Subsequent Event

        On April 7, 2008, the Company entered into an agreement for a sale-leaseback of its support center in the Kansas City metropolitan area. In connection with this transaction, the Company will receive $40 million less customary closing costs and fees. The initial term of the leaseback agreement is 15 years. As the Company expects to have continuing involvement in the form of future leases, we do not expect sale recognition, in accordance with SFAS No. 98, Accounting for Leases: Sale-Leaseback Transactions Involving Real Estate, Sales-Type Leases of Real Estate, Definition of the Lease Term, and Initial Direct Costs of Direct Financing Leases—an amendment of FASB Statements No. 13, 66, and 91 and a rescission of FASB Statement No. 26 and Technical Bulletin No. 79-11. The transaction is expected to close in the second fiscal quarter of 2008.

16


Item 2.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward-Looking Statements

        The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements in certain circumstances. This report contains statements that involve expectations, plans or intentions (such as those relating to future business or financial results, new features or services, or management strategies). These statements are forward-looking and are subject to risks and uncertainties, so actual results may vary materially from those expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements by words such as "may," "will," "should," "expect," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "intend," "plan," and other similar expressions. You should consider our forward-looking statements in light of the risks discussed under the heading "Risk Factors" in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, as well as our consolidated financial statements, related notes, and the other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

        The following discussion and analysis provides information we believe is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. The discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007.

Overview

        IHOP Corp. (the "Company," "we" or "our") was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in 1976. The first International House of Pancakes restaurant opened in 1958 in Toluca Lake, California. Shortly thereafter we began developing and franchising additional restaurants. In November 2007, we completed the acquisition of Applebee's International, Inc. ("Applebee's"), which became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. We own and operate two restaurant concepts in the casual dining and family dining niches: Applebee's Neighborhood Grill and Bar®, or Applebee's, and International House of Pancakes, or IHOP. References herein to Applebee's and IHOP restaurants are to these two restaurant concepts, whether operated by franchisees or the Company. Sales of restaurants that are owned by franchises and area licensees are not attributable to the Company. With more than 3,300 restaurants combined, we are one of the largest full-service restaurant companies in the world.

Restaurant Concepts

        We franchise and operate restaurants in the bar and grill segment of the casual dining industry under the name "Applebee's Neighborhood Grill & Bar®." With 1,986 system-wide restaurants as of March 31, 2008, Applebee's Neighborhood Grill & Bar is one of the largest casual dining concepts in the world, in terms of number of restaurants and market share.

        Generally, Applebee's franchise arrangements consist of a development agreement and separate franchise agreement. Development agreements grant the exclusive right to develop restaurants in a designated geographic area over a specified period of time. The term of a domestic development agreement is generally 20 years. The development agreements provide for an initial development schedule of one to five years, as agreed upon by the Company and the franchisee. After the initial development schedule, the Company and the franchisee generally execute a series of supplemental development schedules established by a methodology included within the development agreement.

17


        The franchisee enters into a separate franchise agreement for the operation of each Applebee's restaurant. Our standard franchise agreement has a term of 20 years and permits renewal for up to an additional 20 years upon payment of an additional franchise fee. For each restaurant developed, our standard franchise arrangement requires an initial franchisee fee of $35,000 and a royalty fee equal to 4% of the restaurant's monthly net sales. We have agreements with a majority of our franchisees for Applebee's restaurants opened before January 1, 2000, which maintain the existing royalty rate of 4% and extend the initial term of the franchise agreements until 2020. The terms, royalties and advertising fees under a limited number of franchise agreements and the remaining franchise fees under older development agreements vary from the currently offered arrangements.

        We currently require domestic franchisees of Applebee's restaurants to contribute 2.75% of their gross sales to the national advertising fund and to spend at least 1% of their gross sales on local marketing and promotional activities. Under the current Applebee's franchise agreements, we have the ability to increase the amount of the required combined contribution to the national advertising fund and the amount required to be spent on local marketing and promotional activities to a maximum of 5% of gross sales.

        We plan to pursue a strategy which includes transitioning to an approximately 98% franchised system, and to sell the real estate on which company-operated restaurants are situated. We plan to execute this strategy by refranchising most of the 511 Applebee's domestic company-operated restaurants, and selling almost all of the approximately 200 fee-owned Applebee's properties through sale/leaseback transactions. This heavily franchised business model is expected to demand less capital, generate higher margins, and reduce the volatility of cash flow performance over time.

        The following table represents Applebee's franchisee restaurant development commitments for 2008 and 2009. We have disclosed development commitments for only a two-year period as the Applebee's development agreements generally provide for a series of two-year development commitments after the initial development period.

 
   
  Scheduled
Opening of
Restaurants
by Year

 
  Opened
Q1 2008

  Balance
of 2008

  2009
Domestic development commitments   11   23   28
International development commitments   5   16   17
   
 
 
    16   39   45
   
 
 

        Under our current business model which was adopted in January 2003, a potential franchisee first enters into a single store development agreement or a multi-store development agreement and, upon completion of a prescribed approval procedure, is primarily responsible for the initial development and financing of the new IHOP franchised restaurant. In general, we do not provide any financing arrangement with respect to the franchise fee or otherwise. Thus, the franchisee uses its own capital and financial resources along with third party financial sources to purchase or lease a site, build and equip the business and fund working capital needs.

        The cash received from a typical franchise arrangement includes (a) (i) a location fee equal to $15,000 upon execution of a single store development agreement or (ii) a development fee equal to $20,000 for each IHOP restaurant that the franchisee contracts to develop upon execution of a multi-store development agreement; (b) a franchise fee equal to (i) $50,000 (against which the $15,000 location fee will be credited) for a restaurant developed under a single store development agreement or

18



(ii) $40,000 (against which the $20,000 development fee will be credited) for each restaurant developed under a multi-store development agreement, in each case, paid upon execution of the franchise agreement; (c) franchise royalties equal to 4.5% of weekly gross sales; (d) revenue from the sale of pancake and waffle dry-mixes; and (e) franchise advertising fees. The franchise advertising fees are comprised of (i) a local advertising fee generally equal to 2.0% of weekly gross sales, which is usually collected by us and then paid to a local advertising cooperative to cover the cost of local media purchases and other local advertising expenses, and (ii) a national advertising fee equal to 1.0% of weekly gross sales.

        IHOP franchisees and company-operated restaurants contribute a percentage of their sales to local advertising cooperatives and a national advertising fund. Most franchise agreements call for contributions to the local advertising cooperatives equal to 2.0% of gross sales and a contribution of 1.0% of gross sales to the national advertising fund. Area licensees are required to pay lesser amounts toward advertising. As approved by our franchisees, in 2007 and 2008 a portion of the local advertising contribution has been reallocated to the national advertising fund allowing us to reach our target audience more frequently and in a more effective way through national advertising.

        IHOP franchised restaurants established prior to 2004 under our old business model (the "Old Business Model") were developed by the Company, and required our substantial involvement in all aspects of the development and financing of the restaurants. In particular, under the Old Business Model, we identified the site for a new IHOP restaurant, purchased or leased the site from a third party, built and equipped the restaurant and then franchised it to the franchisee. In addition, IHOP typically financed approximately 80% of the franchise fee over five to eight years and leased the restaurant and equipment to the franchisee over a 25-year period.

        The cash received from a typical franchise arrangement under the Old Business Model included: (a) the franchise fee, a portion of which (typically 20%) was paid upon execution of the franchise agreement; (b) interest income from the financing arrangements for the unpaid portion of the franchise fee under the franchise notes; (c) franchise royalties typically equal to 4.5% of weekly gross sales; (d) income from the subleasing of the leased real property under a franchisee sublease and income from the leasing of the owned real property under the related leases to franchisees; (e) income from the leasing of equipment under an equipment lease; (f) revenue from the sale of pancake and waffle dry-mixes; and (g) franchise advertising fees. The franchise advertising fees are comprised of (i) a local advertising fee generally equal to 2.0% of weekly gross sales under the franchise agreement, which was usually collected by us and then paid to a local advertising cooperative to cover the cost of local media purchases and other local advertising expenses and (ii) a national advertising fee equal to 1.0% of weekly gross sales under the franchise agreement. In a few cases, with respect to the reacquired restaurants, or otherwise, we have agreed to accept reduced royalties and/or lease payments from franchisees or have provided other accommodations to franchisees for a period of time in order to assist them in either establishing or reinvigorating their business.

        The following table represents IHOP signed restaurant development commitments including options as of March 31, 2008:

 
   
  Scheduled Opening of Restaurants
 
  Number of
Signed
Agreements
at 3/31/08

 
  Remainder
of 2008

  2009
  2010
  2011 and
thereafter

  Total
Single-store development agreements   16   6   9   1     16
Multi-store development agreements   90   66   66   51   201   384
International territorial agreements   6   5   5   5   41   56
   
 
 
 
 
 
    112   77   80   57   242   456
   
 
 
 
 
 

19


Segments

        We identify our segments based on the organizational units used by management to monitor performance and make operating decisions. Our revenues and expenses are recorded in four segments: franchise operations, company restaurant operations, rental operations, and financing operations. Within the applicable segment, we operate two distinct restaurant concepts: Applebee's and IHOP.

        The franchise operations segment consists of restaurants operated by Applebee's franchisees in the United States, 17 countries outside the United States and one U.S. territory. Franchise operations revenue consists primarily of franchise royalty revenues. Franchise operations expenses include costs related to intellectual property provided to certain franchisees.

        The company restaurant operations segment consists of company-operated restaurants in the United States and China. Company restaurant sales are retail sales at company-operated restaurants. Company restaurant expenses are operating expenses at company-operated restaurants and include food, labor, benefits, utilities, rent and other restaurant operating costs. The operating results of this segment are substantially generated by Applebee's restaurants.

        Rental operations and financing operations activities are not currently part of Applebee's business.

        The franchise operations segment consists of restaurants operated by IHOP franchisees and area licensees in the United States, one U.S. territory and two countries outside the United States. Franchise operations revenue consists primarily of franchise royalty revenues, sales of proprietary products, franchise advertising fees and the portion of the franchise fees allocated to IHOP intellectual property. Franchise operations expenses include advertising expense, the cost of proprietary products and pre-opening training expenses and other franchise-related costs.

        The company restaurant operations segment consists of company-operated restaurants in the United States. In addition, from time to time, restaurants that are reacquired from franchisees are operated by IHOP on a temporary basis. Company restaurant sales are retail sales at company-operated restaurants. Company restaurant expenses are operating expenses at company-operated restaurants and include food, labor, benefits, utilities, rent and other restaurant operating costs.

        Rental operations revenue includes revenue from operating leases and interest income from direct financing leases. Rental operations expenses are costs of operating leases and interest expense on capital leases on franchisee-operated restaurants. The rental operations segment is exclusively generated by IHOP.

        Financing operations revenue consists of the portion of franchise fees not allocated to IHOP intellectual property, sales of equipment, as well as interest income from the financing of franchise fees and equipment leases. Financing expenses are primarily the cost of restaurant equipment.

Key Overall Strategies—Update

        See "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.—Key Overall Strategies" contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 for a detailed discussion of Applebee's and IHOP's key strategies.

20


        Recent developments with respect to several Applebee's key strategies include:


Restaurant Data

        The following table sets forth, for the current year and prior year, the number of effective restaurants in the IHOP system and information regarding the percentage change in sales at those restaurants compared to the same period in the prior year. "Effective restaurants" are the number of restaurants in a given period, adjusted to account for restaurants open for only a portion of the period. Information is presented for all effective restaurants in the IHOP system, which includes IHOP restaurants owned by the Company, as well as those owned by franchisees and area licensees. Sales at restaurants that are owned by franchisees and area licensees are not attributable to the Company. However, we believe that presentation of this information is useful in analyzing our revenues because franchisees and area licensees pay us royalties and advertising fees that are generally based on a

21



percentage of their sales, as well as rental payments under leases that are usually based on a percentage of their sales. Management also uses this information to make decisions about future plans for the development of additional restaurants as well as evaluation of current operations. Pro forma information on Applebee's restaurant data and restaurant development and franchising activity is presented in the section entitled "Pro Forma Comparison of Quarter ended March 31, 2008 with Quarter ended March 31, 2007—Applebee's" herein.

 
  Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
  2008
  2007
 
IHOP Restaurant Data          
Effective restaurants(a)          
  Franchise   1,175   1,128  
  Company   10   11  
  Area license   157   160  
   
 
 
    Total   1,342   1,299  
   
 
 
System-wide(b)          
  IHOP sales percentage change(c)   7.9 % 5.3 %
  IHOP same-store sales percentage change(d)   3.7 % 0.5 %
Franchise(b)          
  IHOP sales percentage change(c)   8.5 % 5.2 %
  IHOP same-store sales percentage change(d)   3.7 % 0.6 %
Company          
  IHOP sales percentage change(c)   (2.2 )% 18.1 %
Area License(b)          
  IHOP sales percentage change(c)   3.2 % 5.0 %

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        The following table summarizes our restaurant development and franchising activity:

 
  Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
  2008
  2007
 
 
  (Unaudited)

 
IHOP Restaurant Development Activity          
Beginning of period   1,344   1,302  
New openings          
  Company-developed      
  Franchisee-developed   11   6  
  International franchisee-developed     2  
  Area license      
   
 
 
    Total new openings   11   8  
Closings          
  Company and franchise   (2 ) (4 )
  Area license      
   
 
 
End of period   1,353   1,306  
   
 
 
Summary-end of period          
Franchise   1,186   1,133  
Company   10   13  
Area license   157   160  
   
 
 
    Total   1,353   1,306  
   
 
 
IHOP Restaurant Franchising Activity          
Company-developed      
Domestic franchisee-developed   11   6  
International franchisee-developed     2  
Rehabilitated and refranchised   4   2  
   
 
 
    Total restaurants franchised   15   10  
Reacquired by the Company   (3 ) (6 )
Closed   (2 ) (3 )
   
 
 
    Net addition   10   1  
   
 
 

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Comparison of Quarter Ended March 31, 2008 with Quarter Ended March 31, 2007

Overview

 
  Three Months Ended March 31,
   
 
 
  2008
  2007
  Variance
 
Revenues                    
  Applebee's   $ 345,964   $   $ 345,964  
  IHOP     96,825     90,124     6,701  
   
 
 
 
Total revenues     442,789     90,124     352,665  
   
 
 
 
Cost of revenues                    
  Applebee's     272,545         (272,545 )
  IHOP     55,426     50,887     (4,539 )
   
 
 
 
Total cost of revenues     327,971     50,887     (277,084 )
   
 
 
 
Segment Profit                    
  Applebee's     73,419         73,419  
  IHOP     41,399     39,237     2,162  
   
 
 
 
Total segment profit     114,818     39,237     75,581  
   
 
 
 
General and administrative expenses     47,574     16,121     (31,453 )
Interest expense     50,647     2,215     (48,432 )
Other costs and expenses     1,117     2,972     1,855  
   
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes   $ 15,480   $ 17,929   $ (2,449 )
   
 
 
 

        Our results for the first quarter of 2008 were significantly impacted by the amount of interest expense on $2.3 billion of funded debt incurred during fiscal 2007 and consolidation of Applebee's results of operations for the entire quarter (see "Pro Forma Comparison of Quarter ended March 31, 2008 with Quarter ended March 31, 2007—Applebee's"). A comparison of our financial results for the first quarter of 2008 to those in 2007 included:

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Franchise Operations

 
  Three Months Ended March 31,
   
 
  2008
  2007
  Variance
Franchise Revenues                  
  Applebee's   $ 37,937   $   $ 37,937
  IHOP     51,997     47,050     4,947
   
 
 
Total Franchise Revenues   $ 89,934   $ 47,050   $ 42,884
   
 
 

        Consolidated franchise revenues grew by 91.1% in the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. Consolidated franchise revenues grew due to the Applebee's acquisition as well as a $4.9 million increase in IHOP franchise revenues. The increase in IHOP franchise revenue was primarily due to an 8.5% increase in IHOP franchise restaurant sales that was primarily attributable to the following:

        "Effective restaurants" are the number of restaurants in a given fiscal period adjusted to account for restaurants open for only a portion of the period. Franchise restaurant retail sales are sales recorded at restaurants that are owned by franchisees and area licensees and are not attributable to the Company. Franchise restaurant retail sales are useful in analyzing our franchise revenues because franchisees and area licensees pay us royalties and other fees that are generally based on a percentage of their sales.

        Consolidated franchise operations profit increased by $40.7 million, of which $37.5 million was due to the Applebee's acquisition.

        IHOP franchise operations profit, which is franchise revenues less franchise expenses, increased by $3.2 million or 12.5% in the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. The $4.9 million increase in franchise revenues was partially offset by franchise expenses which increased by $1.7 million or 8.1% in the first quarter of 2008 compared with the same period in 2007. Franchise expenses such as advertising and the cost of proprietary products are related to franchise restaurant retail sales. Partially offsetting this increase, franchise expenses in the first quarter of 2008 compared to the first quarter of 2007 benefited from a reduction in the amount of financial relief granted to franchisees. The reduction in franchisee relief granted was primarily due to fewer underperforming restaurants in our system than in the previous year.

Company Restaurant Operations

 
  Three Months Ended March 31,
   
 
 
  2008
  2007
  Variance
 
Company Restaurant Sales                    
  Applebee's   $ 308,027   $   $ 308,027  
  IHOP     3,895     3,984     (89 )
   
 
 
 
Total Company Restaurant Sales   $ 311,922   $ 3,984   $ 307,938  
   
 
 
 

        Total company restaurant sales in the first quarter of 2008 increased by $307.9 million as compared with the same period in 2007. The increase in total company restaurant sales was primarily due to the Applebee's acquisition. The company restaurant expenses increased by $271.9 million in the first

25



quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. This increase was due almost exclusively to Applebee's, which contributed $272.1 million of the increase.

        Company restaurant operations loss for IHOP company restaurants was $0.5 million in the first quarter of 2008, a slight improvement over the loss of $0.6 million in the first quarter of 2007, primarily due to lower salary and benefits costs.

Rental Operations

        Rental income includes revenue from operating leases and interest income from direct financing leases. Rental expenses are costs of prime operating leases and interest expense on prime capital leases on franchisee-operated restaurants.

        A prime lease is a lease between the Company and a third party, the landlord, whereby the Company pays rent to the landlord. Restaurants on these leases are either subleased to a franchisee or, in a few instances, operated by the Company. A sublease is a lease between the Company and a franchisee, whereby the franchisee pays rent to the Company.

        Rental operations profit, which is rental income less rental expenses, decreased by $0.2 million or 2.1% in the first quarter of 2008 compared with the same period in 2007.

        Applebee's does not have rental operations.

Financing Operations

        Financing operations profit, which is financing revenues less financing expenses, decreased by $1.0 million or 17.3% in the first quarter of 2008 compared with the same period in 2007. Financing revenues increased by $1.9 million in the first quarter of 2008 compared with the same period in the prior year. Revenues from sales of franchises and equipment increased by $2.3 million due to the refranchising of six stores in the 2008 period compared to two stores in 2007, partially offset by a decrease of $0.4 million in franchise and equipment note interest due to the ongoing reduction in franchise fee note balances.

        Financing expenses increased by $2.9 million in the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. This is primarily due to $3.3 million in expenses associated with the six refranchised restaurants compared to $0.5 million in expenses associated with two refranchised restaurants in the first quarter of 2007.

        Applebee's does not have financing operations.

General and Administrative Expenses

        General and administrative expenses increased by $31.5 million in the first quarter of 2008 compared with the same period in the prior year; $28.6 million of this increase was due to the acquisition of Applebee's. Additionally, professional services increased by $1.3 million in the first quarter of 2008 compared with the same period of the prior year, primarily due to costs related to the ongoing integration of Applebee's. Compensation expenses increased by $0.5 million in the first quarter of 2008 compared with the first quarter of 2007, primarily related to the issuance of restricted stock and stock options.

Interest Expense

        Interest expense increased by $48.4 million in the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period of 2007, primarily due to Applebee's acquisition-related debt.

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Early Debt Extinguishment Costs

        Early debt extinguishment costs in the amount of $2.2 million in the first quarter of 2007 resulted from early debt retirement through funds generated from a securitization transaction. These costs include $1.2 million for prepayment penalties as a result of paying off pre-existing debt, and $1.0 million related to the write-off of deferred financing costs. There were no similar costs incurred in the first quarter of 2008.

Other Income and Expense

        Other income was $1.8 million for the first quarter of 2008 compared to other expense of $0.7 million in the same period of 2007. The primary reason for the increase is interest income earned on the increased restricted cash balances related to the acquisition-related debt.

Provision for Income Taxes

        The effective tax rate was 9.9% for the quarter ended March 31, 2008 compared with 36.9% for the quarter ended March 31, 2007. The effective tax rate is lower than the federal statutory rate of 35% due to tax credits, partially offset by state income taxes. The tax credits are primarily projected 2008 Applebee's company-owned restaurant compensation-related tax credits (primarily FICA tip credits) to be utilized against a relatively small projected fiscal 2008 taxable income.

Pro Forma Comparison of Quarter ended March 31, 2008 with Quarter ended March 31, 2007—Applebee's

        The following is a comparison of (i) information for the first quarter of 2008 for our Applebee's segment and (ii) information for the first quarter of 2007 for Applebee's International, Inc. prior to the acquisition date ("Predecessor Applebee's").

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Restaurant Data

        The following table sets forth, for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, the number of effective restaurants in the Applebee's system and information regarding the percentage change in sales at those restaurants compared to the same period in the prior year.

 
  Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
  2008
  2007
 
 
   
  (Predecessor Applebee's)

 
Applebee's Restaurant Data          
Effective restaurants(a)          
  Company   511   524  
  Franchise   1,467   1,412  
   
 
 
    Total   1,978   1,936  
   
 
 
System-wide(b)          
  Applebee's domestic sales percentage change(c)   2.8 % 0.3 %
  Applebee's domestic same-store sales percentage change(d)   0.5 % (4.0 )%
Franchise(b)          
  Applebee's domestic sales percentage change(c)   2.6 % 0.6 %
  Applebee's domestic same-store sales percentage change(d)   0.0 % (3.9 )%
Company          
  Applebee's sales percentage change(c)   3.2 % (0.8 )%
  Applebee's same-store sales percentage(d)   2.1 % (4.5 )%

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        The following table summarizes Applebee's restaurant development and franchising activity:

 
  Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
  2008
  2007
 
 
   
  (Predecessor Applebee's)

 
Applebee's Restaurant Development Activity          
Beginning of period   1,976   1,930  
  New openings          
    Company-developed   1   7  
    Franchisee-developed   16   13  
   
 
 
      Total new openings   17   20  
  Closings          
    Company   (1 ) (19 )
    Franchise   (6 ) (1 )
   
 
 
End of period   1,986   1,930  
   
 
 
Summary—end of period          
  Company   511   509  
  Franchise   1,475   1,421  
   
 
 
      Total   1,986   1,930  
   
 
 
Applebee's Restaurant Franchising Activity          
Domestic franchisee-developed   11   12  
International franchisee-developed   5   1  
   
 
 
      Total restaurants franchised   16   13  
Closings          
    Domestic franchisee   (5 ) (1 )
    International franchisee   (1 )  
   
 
 
    Total franchisee closings   (6 ) (1 )
   
 
 
  Net addition   10   12  
   
 
 

        The following table illustrates a comparison of certain financial results of Applebee's for the three months ended March 31, 2008 on a stand-alone basis with that of Predecessor Applebee's for the three months ended March 31, 2007:

 
  Three Months Ended March 31,
 
  2008
  2007
 
   
  (Predecessor Applebee's)

 
  (In thousands)

Franchise revenues   $ 37,937   $ 37,521
Company restaurant sales   $ 308,027   $ 298,617
Franchise expenses   $ 430   $ 373
Company restaurant expenses   $ 272,115   $ 260,405

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        Applebee's franchise revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2008 increased 1.1% from $37.5 million to $37.9 million as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2007 primarily due to an increase in effective restaurants from 1,412 restaurants in 2007 to 1,467 restaurants in 2008. Franchise restaurant same-store sales were flat compared with the same quarter of the prior year.

        Applebee's company restaurant sales for the three months ended March 31, 2008 increased 3.2% from $298.6 million in the first quarter of 2007 to $308.0 million in the first quarter of 2008. The increase in 2008 was favorably impacted by an increase in same stores sales of 2.1% and an increase in the effective number of restaurants. The increase in same store sales reflected a 5.0% increase in average guest check, of which 3.1% related to menu pricing increases and 1.9% to a favorable mix shift, partially offset by declines in guest traffic.

        Company restaurant operating profit for Applebee's company restaurants decreased by $2.3 million from $38.2 million in the first quarter of 2007 to $35.9 million in the first quarter of 2008. The components of company restaurant expenses, as a percentage of company restaurant sales, were as follows:

 
  Three Months Ended March 31,
   
 
 
  2008
  2007
  Variance
 
 
   
  (Predecessor Applebee's)

   
 
Food and beverage   27.1 % 26.5 % (0.6 )%
Labor   35.2 % 33.9 % (1.3 )%
Direct and occupancy   26.0 % 26.6 % 0.6 %
Pre-opening expense   0.1 % 0.3 % 0.2 %
   
 
 
 
Total Cost of Company Restaurant Sales*   88.3 % 87.2 % (1.1 )%
   
 
 
 

        Total food and beverage costs increased by 0.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 due primarily to higher food costs related to Applebee's menu promotions and the unfavorable impact of a shift in menu mix, partially offset by the impact of menu price increases of approximately 3% as well as improved food cost management at the company-operated restaurants.

        Total labor costs increased by 1.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 due to higher management incentive compensation and higher restaurant management salaries and hourly wage rates, including the impact of state minimum wage rate increases, partially offset by the impact of higher sales volumes on labor costs as a percentage of company restaurant sales.

        Direct and occupancy costs decreased by 0.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 due primarily to favorable year-over-year comparisons for depreciation expense which resulted from the purchase price allocation related to the Applebee's acquisition as well as lower depreciation expense due to the reclassification of approximately 40 restaurants to assets held for sale, partially offset by an increase in amortization expense related to intangible assets.

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        Pre-opening expense decreased by 0.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 due to a decline in the number of company restaurant openings.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

        We currently anticipate that our cash and cash equivalents, together with expected cash flows from operations, sale-leaseback and refranchising will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for working capital, retirement of securitized debt, capital expenditures and other obligations for at least the next 12 months.

        Our primary ongoing sources of liquidity are cash provided by operating activities and principal receipts from notes and equipment contracts receivable from our franchisees. Principal uses of cash are capital investment, payments of dividends and, more recently, costs related to the acquisition of Applebee's.

        For the next several years, we expect these sources to be significantly supplemented by proceeds from the refranchising of Applebee's company-operated domestic restaurants and sale/leaseback transactions for 191 company-owned real estate parcels. See Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, for a detail discussion of these initiatives.

        As mentioned above, we intend to complete certain sale-leaseback transactions of the real estate property on which 191 company-owned Applebee's restaurants are situated. However, we have not yet determined how or when the properties will be sold. The sale-leaseback transactions may be effected in a single, large transaction, through a series of smaller transactions effected over a period of time, or in some other fashion.

        The terms of the Series 2007-1 Class A-2-I-X Fixed Rate Term Senior Notes (the "Class A-2-I-X Notes") obligate us to use the proceeds from the sale-leaseback transactions to repay the Class A-2-I-X Notes. If we repay the Class A-2-I-X Notes in whole or in part after June 20, 2008, and before December 2012, we will be required to make certain "make whole" payments on the Class A-2-I-X Notes. Such make whole payments will generally be equivalent to the difference between (a) the net present value of all remaining interest and principal payments related to the early pay down amount assuming a December 2012 repayment date and (b) the principal only related to the early pay down amount.

        If the Class A-2-I-X Notes, in whole or in part, remain outstanding after June 20, 2008, the interest rate applied to the outstanding balance is subject to adjustment. The "adjusted interest rate" would be the greater of (i) the current coupon rate; or (ii) a variable per annum rate equal to a specified swap rate plus 3.355%. The formula for calculating the make whole and the adjusted interest rate is set forth in the Series 2007-1 Supplement to the Base Indenture, dated as of November 29, 2007. As of April 30, 2008, the variable rate is less than the coupon rate.

        For further information on our Series 2007-1 Class A-2-I-X Fixed Rate Term Senior Notes, refer to Exhibit 4.22 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.

        Cash provided by operating activities is primarily driven by revenues earned and collected from our franchisees, operating earnings from our company-operated restaurants and profit from our rental operations and financing operations. Franchise revenues consist of royalties, IHOP advertising fees and sales of proprietary products for IHOP which fluctuate with increases or decreases in franchise retail sales. Franchise retail sales are impacted by the development of IHOP and Applebee's restaurants by

31


our franchisees and by fluctuations in same-store sales. Operating earnings from Company restaurants are impacted by many factors which include but are not limited to changes in traffic pattern, pricing activities and changes in operating expenses. Rental operations profit is rental income less rental expenses. Rental income includes revenues from operating leases and interest income from direct financing leases. Rental expenses are costs of prime operating leases and interest expense on prime capital leases on franchisee-operated restaurants. Financing operations revenue consists of the portion of franchise fees not allocated to IHOP intellectual property, sales of equipment, as well as interest income from the financing of franchise fees and equipment leases. Financing expenses are primarily the cost of restaurant equipment.

        Cash provided by operating activities decreased to $10.0 million in the first quarter of 2008 from $15.8 million in the same period in 2007. While cash flow from receivables collections related to Applebee's company-owned restaurants increased, this was more than offset by the reduction of deferred income due to increased redemptions of gift cards (revenue from which is recognized in the current period as redeemed, but cash was already received in a prior period), and lower payables.

        Net cash used in investing activities in the first quarter of 2008 was primarily attributable to $18.1 million in capital expenditures and $10.0 million in Applebee's acquisition costs offset by $12.4 million in proceeds from disposition of assets held for sale and $4.2 million in principal receipts from notes and equipment contracts receivable. Approximately $7.7 million of the 2008 capital expenditures related to the construction of Applebee's new Lenexa, Kansas headquarters. The Company currently estimates that capital expenditures for fiscal 2008 will range from $30 million to $34 million, an increase from approximately $25 million originally estimated.

        Net cash provided by investing activities in the first quarter of 2007 was primarily attributable to $3.9 million in principal receipts from notes and equipment contracts receivable, offsetting capital expenditures of $0.8 million.

        Net cash provided by financing activities in the first quarter of 2008 was primarily attributable to the $16.3 million decrease in restricted cash partially offset by $6.0 million in dividend payments and $2.8 million paid in debt issuance costs. Net cash provided by financing activities in the first quarter of 2007 was primarily attributable to $190.0 million in proceeds received from the issuance of securitized debt. This was offset by the repayment of $129.2 million in long-term debt with the proceeds from the 2007 debt issuances and $31.0 million related to stock repurchases.

        Under the current stock repurchase program, which began in 2003, we are authorized to repurchase up to 7.2 million shares of common stock. Since the inception of the program, we have bought back 6.3 million shares for a total of $280.0 million, leaving 0.9 million shares available for repurchase under this program. There were no shares repurchased during the first quarter of 2008. We do not expect to repurchase shares during the remaining nine months of 2008, but plan to resume share repurchases in 2010 or 2011, financial conditions permitting.

        We have accrued $4.75 million as dividends for the Series A Perpetual Preferred Stock as of the quarter ended March 31, 2008, included in other accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The dividends were paid the first day following the end of the first quarter of 2008. The accreted value of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock increased by $521,000 during the first quarter of 2008.

32


        The Company has paid regular quarterly dividends of $0.25 per common share since May 2003. On April 7, 2008, the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 per common share, payable on May 20, 2008, to stockholders of record as of May 1, 2008. Future dividends will be declared at the discretion of the Board of Directors.

        For information on the Company's outstanding debt instruments, refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. As of March 31, 2008, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and restrictions related to its debt instruments.

Critical Accounting Policies

        We prepare our Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires senior management to make estimates, assumptions and subjective or complex judgments that are inherently uncertain and may significantly impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Changes in the estimates, assumptions and judgments affecting the application of these policies may result in materially different amounts being reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. We consider the following policies to be most critical in understanding the judgments that are involved in preparing our Consolidated Financial Statements.

        In the normal course of business we utilize derivative instruments to manage our exposure to interest rate risks. We account for our derivative instruments under SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended by SFAS No. 138, Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activitiesan amendment of FASB Statement No. 133, and SFAS No. 149, Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. The standard requires that all derivative instruments be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value and establishes criteria for designation and effectiveness of the hedging relationships.

        We use derivative financial instruments primarily for purposes of hedging exposures to fluctuations in interest rates. All derivatives are recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge (i.e., hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of other comprehensive income or loss and reclassified into earnings in the same line item associated with the forecasted transaction in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings (for example, in "interest expense" when the hedged transactions are interest cash flows associated with debt). The remaining gain or loss on the derivative instrument in excess of the cumulative change in the present value of future cash flows of the hedged item, if any, is recognized in other income/expense in current earnings during the period of change.

        At inception of the hedge, we choose the Hypothetical Derivative Method of effectiveness calculation, which we must use for the life of the contract, and we will measure effectiveness quarterly. When hedge treatment is achieved under SFAS 133, the changes in fair values related to the effective portion of the derivatives are recorded in other comprehensive income or loss or in income/expense, depending on the designation of the derivative as a cash flow hedge. We obtain the values on a quarterly basis from the counterparty of the derivative contracts. The undesignated portion of the derivative contract is calculated and recorded in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income for each quarter until settled.

33


        We provide for income taxes based on our estimate of federal and state income tax liabilities. Our annual tax rate is based on our income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available to us in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Tax laws are complex and subject to different interpretations by the taxpayers and respective governmental authorities. Significant judgment is required in determining our tax expense and in evaluating our tax positions. We review our tax positions quarterly and adjust the balances as new information becomes available.

        We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of recorded assets and liabilities. Deferred tax accounting requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portions or all of the net deferred tax assets will not be realized. This test requires projection of our taxable income into future years to determine if there will be taxable income sufficient to realize the tax assets. The preparation of the projections requires considerable judgment and is subject to change to reflect future events and changes in the tax laws. When we establish or reduce the valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets, our income tax expense will increase or decrease, respectively, in the period such determination is made.

        Tax contingency reserves result from our estimates of potential liabilities resulting from differences between actual and audited results. We usually file our income tax returns several months after our fiscal year end. All tax returns are subject to audit by federal and state governments, usually years after the returns are filed, and could be subject to differing interpretation of the tax laws. Changes in the tax contingency reserves result from resolution of audits of prior year filings, the expiration of the statute of limitations, changes in tax laws and current year estimates for asserted and unasserted items. Inherent uncertainties exist in estimates of tax contingencies due to changes in tax law, both legislated and concluded through the various jurisdictions' tax court systems. Significant changes in our estimates could materially affect our reported results.

        Under FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 ("FIN 48"), tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not threshold should be derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is not longer met. We are subject to taxation in many jurisdictions, and the calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations in various tax jurisdictions. The application is subject to legal and factual interpretation, judgment and uncertainty. Tax laws and regulations themselves are subject to change as a result of changes in fiscal policy, changes in legislation, the evolution of regulations and court rulings. Therefore, the actual liability for taxes may be materially different from our estimates, which could result in the need to record additional tax liabilities or potentially to reverse previously recorded tax liabilities.

        Our restaurants are located on (i) sites owned by us, (ii) sites leased by us from third parties and (iii) sites owned or leased by franchisees. At the inception of the lease, each property is evaluated to determine whether the lease will be accounted for as an operating or capital lease in accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 13, Accounting for Leases ("SFAS 13") and subsequent amendments.

        The lease term used for straight-line rent expense is calculated from the date we obtain possession of the leased premises through the lease termination date. Prior to January 2, 2006, we capitalized rent expense from possession date through construction completion and reported the related asset in property and equipment. Capitalized rent was amortized through depreciation and amortization

34



expense over the estimated useful life of the related assets limited to the lease term. Straight-line rent recorded during the preopening period (construction completion through restaurant open date) was recorded as expense. Commencing January 2, 2006, we expense rent from possession date through restaurant open date, in accordance with FASB Staff Position No. 13-1, Accounting for Rental Costs Incurred during a Construction Period. Once a restaurant opens for business, we record straight-line rent over the lease term plus contingent rent to the extent it exceeded the minimum rent obligation per the lease agreement. We use a consistent lease term when calculating depreciation of leasehold improvements, when determining straight-line rent expense and when determining classification of our leases as either operating or capital.

        There is potential for variability in the rent holiday period, which begins on the possession date and ends on the restaurant open date, during which no cash rent payments are typically due under the terms of the lease. Factors that may affect the length of the rent holiday period generally relate to construction related delays. Extension of the rent holiday period due to delays in restaurant opening will result in greater preopening rent expense recognized during the rent holiday period and lesser occupancy expense during the rest of the lease term (post-opening).

        For leases that contain rent escalations, we record the total rent payable during the lease term, as determined above, on the straight-line basis over the term of the lease (including the rent holiday period beginning upon our possession of the premises), and record the difference between the minimum rents paid and the straight-line rent as a lease obligation. Certain leases contain provisions that require additional rental payments based upon restaurant sales volume ("contingent rent"). Contingent rentals are accrued each period as the liabilities are incurred, in addition to the straight-line rent expense noted above.

        Certain of our lease agreements contain tenant improvement allowances. For purposes of recognizing incentives, we amortize the incentives over the shorter of the estimated useful life or lease term. For tenant improvement allowances, we also record a deferred rent liability or an obligation in our non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

        Management makes judgments regarding the probable term for each restaurant property lease, which can impact the classification and accounting for a lease as capital or operating, the rent holiday and/or escalations in payment that are taken into consideration when calculating straight-line rent and the term over which leasehold improvements for each restaurant are amortized. These judgments may produce materially different amounts of depreciation, amortization and rent expense that would be reported if different assumed lease terms were used.

        We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment ("SFAS 123(R)"). Accordingly, we measure stock-based compensation expense at the grant date based on the fair value of the award, and recognize the expense over the employee's requisite service period using the straight-line method. Under SFAS 123(R), the fair value of each employee stock option and restricted stock award is estimated on the date of grant using an option pricing model that meets certain requirements. We currently use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of our share-based compensation. The Black-Scholes model meets the requirements of SFAS 123(R). The measurement of stock-based compensation expense is based on several criteria including, but not limited to, the valuation model used and associated input factors, such as expected term of the award, stock price volatility, risk free interest rate and forfeiture rate. These inputs are subjective and are determined using management's judgment. If differences arise between the assumptions used in determining stock-based compensation expense and the actual factors which become known over time, we may change the input factors used in determining future stock-based compensation expense. Any such changes could materially impact our operations in the period in which the changes are made and in subsequent periods.

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        We assess long-lived and intangible assets with finite lives for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. We test impairment using historical cash flows and other relevant facts and circumstances as the primary basis for our estimates of future cash flows. We consider factors such as the number of years the restaurant has been operated by us, sales trends, cash flow trends, remaining lease life, and other factors which apply on a case-by-case basis. The analysis is performed at the individual restaurant level for indicators of permanent impairment. Recoverability of the restaurant's assets is measured by comparing the assets' carrying value to the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated over the assets' remaining useful life or remaining lease term, whichever is less. If the total expected undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the assets, the carrying amount is written down to the estimated fair value, and a loss resulting from impairment is recognized by charging to earnings. This process requires the use of estimates and assumptions, which are subject to a high degree of judgment. If these assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record impairment charges for these assets.

        Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses. The amounts and useful lives assigned to intangible assets acquired, other than goodwill, impact the amount and timing of future amortization. The value of our intangible assets, including goodwill, could be impacted by future adverse changes such as (i) any future declines in our operating results, (ii) a decline in the valuation of our common stock, or (iii) any failure to meet the performance projections included in our forecasts of future operating results. We evaluate these assets, including intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives, on an annual basis in the fourth quarter or more frequently if we believe indicators of impairment exist. In the process of our annual impairment review, we primarily use the income approach method of valuation that includes the discounted cash flow method as well as other generally accepted valuation methodologies to determine the fair value of our intangible assets. Management's judgment is required in the forecasts of future operating results that are used in the discounted cash flow method of valuation.

New Accounting Pronouncements

        In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements ("SFAS 157") which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 requires companies to disclose the fair value of their financial instruments according to a fair value hierarchy, as defined. SFAS 157 may require companies to provide additional disclosures based on that hierarchy. SFAS 157 was to be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157, which delayed for one year the applicability of SFAS 157's fair-value measurements to certain nonfinancial assets and liabilities. The Company adopted SFAS 157 as of January 1, 2008, except as it applies to those nonfinancial assets and liabilities affected by the one-year delay. The partial adoption of SFAS 157 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting the remaining provisions of SFAS 157 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

        In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Liabilities—Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 ("SFAS 159"). SFAS 159 expands the use of fair value accounting but does not affect existing standards which require assets or liabilities to be carried at fair value. The objective of SFAS 159 is to improve financial reporting by providing

36



companies with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. Under SFAS 159, a company may elect to use fair value to measure eligible items at specified election dates and report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. Eligible items include, but are not limited to, accounts and loans receivable, available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities, equity method investments, accounts payable, guarantees, issued debt and firm commitments. On January 1, 2008, we adopted SFAS 159 and have not elected to use fair value measurement on any assets or liabilities under this statement.

        In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations ("SFAS 141(R)"). SFAS 141(R) establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired. SFAS 141(R) also establishes disclosure requirements to enable the evaluation of the nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS 141(R) is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. We will adopt SFAS 141(R) in the first quarter of fiscal 2009 and apply the provisions of this statement for any acquisition after the adoption date. We are currently evaluating the potential impact, if any, of the adoption of SFAS 141(R) on our consolidated financial statements.

        In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ("SFAS 161"). This statement requires companies to provide enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why they use derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under Statement 133 and its related interpretations, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect a company's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company will comply with the new disclosure requirements on or before the required effective date. As SFAS 161 does not change current accounting practice, there will be no impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

        There were no material changes from the information contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K as of December 31, 2007.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

        The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

        There have been no significant changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings.

        We are subject from time to time to lawsuits, claims and governmental inspections or audits arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of these lawsuits purport to be class actions and/or seek substantial damages. In the opinion of management, these matters are adequately covered by insurance or, if not so covered, are without merit or are of such a nature or involve amounts that would not have a material adverse impact on our business or consolidated financial position.

        On March 28, 2008, Burton M. Sack filed a verified petition in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware against Applebee's International, Inc. ("Applebee's) seeking appraisal pursuant to Section 262 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. The Company completed the acquisition of Applebee's on November 29, 2007. Section 262 of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides appraisal rights to the record holders of shares of any Delaware corporation that is a party to a merger or consolidation, subject to specified exceptions and to compliance with specified procedural requirements. Prior to the filing of the petition, Applebee's had received notices from stockholders, claiming to represent 3,197,263 shares of Applebee's stock, that they intend to seek an appraisal of those shares instead of accepting the merger consideration of $25.50 per share. On April 22, 2008 Applebee's filed and served its response to the petition. The Company believes that a strong case can be made that the fair value of Applebee's stock is not higher than the merger consideration but, at this early stage of the litigation, it is not possible reliably to predict what a court might award to appraisal petitioners as the fair value of their stock under Section 262.

        The Company is currently defending a collective action filed under the Fair Labor Standards Act styled Gerald Fast v. Applebee's International, Inc., in which named plaintiffs claim that tipped workers in company restaurants perform excessive amounts of non-tipped work for which they should be compensated at the minimum wage. The court has conditionally certified a nationwide class of servers and bartenders who have worked in company-operated Applebee's restaurants since June 19, 2004. Unlike a class action, a collective action requires potential class members to "opt in" rather than "opt out." On February 12, 2008, 5,540 opt-in forms were filed with the court. Conditional certification is granted under a lenient standard and the Company will have an opportunity to have the class de-certified following the close of discovery at the end of 2008. The Company believes it has strong defenses supporting the de-certification of the class, as well as strong defenses to the substantive claims asserted, and intends to vigorously defend this case. An estimate of the possible loss, if any, or the range of the loss cannot be made and, therefore, the Company has not accrued a loss contingency related to this matter.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors.

        There were no material changes from the information contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K as of December 31, 2007.

Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

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Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

        None.

Item 4.    Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

        None.

Item 5.    Other Information.

        None.

Item 6.    Exhibits.

3.1   Restated Certificate of Incorporation of IHOP Corp. (Exhibit 3.1 to IHOP Corp.'s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002 is incorporated herein by reference).

3.2

 

Bylaws of IHOP Corp.

31.1

 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2

 

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1

 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2

 

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

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SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

    IHOP CORP.
(Registrant)

May 2, 2008

(Date)

 

BY:

 

/s/  
JULIA A. STEWART      
Julia A. Stewart
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

May 2, 2008

(Date)

 

 

 

/s/  
THOMAS CONFORTI      
Thomas Conforti
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

May 2, 2008

(Date)

 

 

 

/s/  
GREGGORY KALVIN      
Greggory Kalvin
Vice President, Corporate Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)

40




QuickLinks

IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES INDEX
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, except share amounts)
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (In thousands, except per share amounts) (Unaudited)
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) (Unaudited)
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
Part II. OTHER INFORMATION
SIGNATURES

*AMENDED BYLAWS

OF

IHOP CORP.

(Hereinafter called the "Corporation")


*
Effective as of January 18, 2008

ARTICLE I

OFFICES

        Section 1.    Registered Office.    The registered office of the Corporation shall be in the City of Dover, County of Kent, State of Delaware.

        Section 2.    Other Offices.    The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.

ARTICLE II

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

        Section 1.    Place of Meetings.    Meetings of the stockholders for the election of directors or for any other purpose shall be held at such time and place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof.

        Section 2.    Annual Meetings.    The Annual Meetings of Stockholders shall be held on such date and at such time as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting, at which meetings the stockholders shall elect, in accordance with Section 1 and Section 2 of Article III of these Bylaws, by a plurality vote those Directors belonging to the class or classes of directors to be elected at such meeting, and transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting. Written notice of the Annual Meeting stating the place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting.

        Section 3.    Special Meetings.    Unless otherwise prescribed by law or by the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, Special Meetings of Stockholders may be called only by the Chairman of the Board, if there be one, the President or the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board of Directors (whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized directorships at the time any such resolution is presented to the Board of Directors for adoption). Written notice of a Special Meeting stating the place, date and hour of the meeting and the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. Business transacted at all special meetings shall be confined to the purposes stated in the call.

        Section 4.    Quorum.    Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of a majority of the capital stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting.


        Section 5.    Voting.    Unless otherwise required by law, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, (i) any question brought before any meeting of stockholders shall be decided by the vote of the holders of a majority of the stock represented and entitled to vote thereat and (ii) each stockholder represented at a meeting of stockholders shall be entitled to cast one vote for each share of the capital stock entitled to vote thereat held by such stockholder. Such votes may be cast in person or by proxy but no proxy shall be voted on or after three years from its date, unless such proxy provides for a longer period. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, or the officer of the Corporation presiding at a meeting of stockholders, in his discretion, may require that any votes cast at such meeting shall be cast by written ballot.

        Section 6.    List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote.    The officer of the Corporation who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder of the Corporation who is present.

        Section 7.    Stock Ledger.    The stock ledger of the Corporation shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the stock ledger, the list required by Section 6 of this Article II or the books of the Corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders.

        Section 8.    Notice of Business.    No business may be transacted at an annual meeting of stockholders, other than business that is either (a) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof), (b) otherwise properly brought before the annual meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (c) otherwise properly brought before the annual meeting by any stockholder of the Corporation (i) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 8 of this Article II and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such annual meeting and (ii) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 8 of this Article II.

        In addition to any other applicable requirements, for business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of the Corporation.

        To be timely, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than sixty (60) days nor more than ninety (90) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty (30) days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or such public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made, whichever first occurs.

        To be in proper written form, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must set forth as to each matter such stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii) the name and record address of such stockholder, (iii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by

2



such stockholder, (iv) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder and any material interest of such stockholder in such business and (v) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such business before the meeting.

        No business shall be conducted at the annual meeting of stockholders except business brought before the annual meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 8 of this Article II, provided, however, that, once business has been properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with such procedures, nothing in this Section 8 of this Article II shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any such business. If the Chairman of an annual meeting determines that business was not properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the Chairman shall declare to the meeting that the business was not properly brought before the meeting and such business shall not be transacted.

ARTICLE III

DIRECTORS

        Section 1.    Number and Election of Directors.    The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of a Board of Directors consisting of not less than three nor more than 13 directors, the exact number of directors to be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office. The directors shall be divided into three classes, designated Class I, Class II and Class III. Each class shall consist, as nearly as may be possible, of one-third of the total number of directors constituting the entire Board of Directors. Immediately following the adoption by the Corporation of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, a majority of the Board of Directors shall elect Class I directors for a one-year term, Class II directors for a two-year term and Class III directors for a three-year term. At each annual meeting of stockholders beginning in 1992, successors to the class of directors whose term expires at that annual meeting shall be elected for a three-year term. If the number of directors is changed, any increase or decrease shall be apportioned among the classes so as to maintain the number of directors in each class as nearly equal as possible, but in no case shall a decrease in the number of directors shorten the term of any incumbent director. A director shall hold office until the annual meeting for the year in which his term expires and until his successor shall be elected and shall qualify, subject, however, to prior death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal from office.

        Notwithstanding the foregoing, whenever the holders of any one or more classes or series of preferred stock issued by the Corporation, if any, shall have the right, voting separately by class or series, to elect directors at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, the election, term of office, filling of vacancies and other features of such directorships shall be governed by the terms of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation applicable thereto, and such directors so elected shall not be divided into classes pursuant to this Section 1 of this Article III unless expressly provided by such terms.

        Section 2.    Nomination of Directors.    Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors of the Corporation, except as may be otherwise provided in the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation with respect to the right of holders of preferred stock of the Corporation to nominate and elect a specified number of directors in certain circumstances. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at any annual meeting of stockholders, or at any special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors, (a) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (b) by any stockholder of the Corporation (i) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 2 of this Article III and on

3



the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting and (ii) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2 of this Article III.

        In addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of the Corporation.

        To be timely, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (a) in the case of an annual meeting, not less than sixty (60) days nor more than ninety (90) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty (30) days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or such public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made, whichever first occurs; and (b) in the case of a special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors, not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which notice of the date of the special meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of the special meeting was made, whichever first occurs.

        To be in proper written form, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must set forth (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of the person, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of the person, (iii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by the person and (iv) any other information relating to the person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice (i) the name and record address of such stockholder, (ii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by such stockholder, (iii) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and each proposed nominee and any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which the nomination(s) are to be made by such stockholder, (iv) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the persons named in its notice and (v) any other information relating to such stockholder that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Such notice must be accompanied by a written consent of each proposed nominee to being named as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected.

        No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2 of this Article III. If the Chairman of the meeting determines that a nomination was not made in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the Chairman shall declare to the meeting that the nomination was defective and such defective nomination shall be disregarded.

        Section 3.    Removal of Directors.    Directors of the Corporation may be removed by stockholders of the Corporation only for cause.

        Section 4.    Vacancies.    Any vacancy on the Board of Directors that results from an increase in the number of directors may be filled by a majority of the Board of Directors then in office, provided that a quorum is present, and any other vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Any

4



director of any class elected to fill a vacancy resulting from an increase in the number of directors in such class shall hold office for a term that shall coincide with the remaining term of that class. Any director elected to fill a vacancy not resulting from an increase in the number of directors shall have the same remaining term as that of his predecessor.

        Section 5.    Duties and Powers.    The business of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

        Section 6.    Meetings.    The Board of Directors of the Corporation may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as may from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman, if there be one, the President or any two directors. Notice thereof stating the place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given to each director either by mail not less than forty-eight (48) hours before the date of the meeting, by telephone, electronic facsimile or telegram on twenty-four (24) hours' notice, or on such shorter notice as the person or persons calling such meeting may deem necessary or appropriate in the circumstances.

        Section 7.    Quorum.    Except as may be otherwise specifically provided by law, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, at all meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority of the entire Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

        Section 8.    Actions of Board.    Unless otherwise provided by the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all the members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.

        Section 9.    Meetings by Means of Conference Telephone.    Unless otherwise provided by the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 9 of this Article III shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

        Section 10.    Committees.    The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the entire Board of Directors, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of any such committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, and in the absence of a designation by the Board of Directors of an alternate member to replace the absent or disqualified member, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any absent or disqualified member. Any committee, to the extent allowed by law and provided in the resolution establishing such committee, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management

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of the business and affairs of the Corporation. Each committee shall keep regular minutes and report to the Board of Directors when required.

        Section 11.    Compensation.    The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.

        Section 12.    Interested Directors.    No contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association, or other organization in which one or more of its directors or officers are directors or officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or committee thereof which authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because his or their votes are counted for such purpose if (i) the material facts as to his or their relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or the committee, and the Board of Directors or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or (ii) the material facts as to his or their relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or (iii) the contract or transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the Board of Directors, a committee thereof or the stockholders. Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee which authorizes the contract or transaction.

ARTICLE IV

OFFICERS

        Section 1.    General.    The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and shall be a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, may also choose a Chairman of the Board of Directors (who must be a director) and one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers and other officers. The President or any Vice-President may appoint Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, unless otherwise prohibited by law, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. The officers of the Corporation need not be stockholders of the Corporation nor, except in the case of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, need such officers be directors of the Corporation.

        Section 2.    Election.    The Board of Directors at its first meeting held after each Annual Meeting of Stockholders shall elect the officers of the Corporation, who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors; and all officers of the Corporation shall hold office until their successors are chosen and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal. Any officer elected by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation shall be filled by the Board of Directors. The salaries of all officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors.

        Section 3.    Voting Securities Owned by the Corporation.    Powers of attorney, proxies, waivers of notice of meeting, consents and other instruments relating to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation by the President or any Vice President and any such officer may, in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, take all such action as any

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such officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of security holders of any corporation in which the Corporation may own securities and at any such meeting shall possess and may exercise any and all rights and powers incident to the ownership of such securities and which, as the owner thereof, the Corporation might have exercised and possessed if present. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, from time to time confer like powers upon any other person or persons.

        Section 4.    Chairman of the Board of Directors.    The Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors. He shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, and except where by law the signature of the President is required, the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall possess the same power as the President to sign all contracts, certificates and other instruments of the Corporation which may be authorized by the Board of Directors. During the absence or disability of the President, the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall exercise all the powers and discharge all the duties of the President. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these Bylaws or by the Board of Directors.

        Section 5.    President.    The President shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors and, if there be one, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, have general supervision of the business of the Corporation and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect. He shall execute all bonds, mortgages, contracts and other instruments of the Corporation requiring a seal, under the seal of the Corporation, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except that the other officers of the Corporation may sign and execute documents when so authorized by these Bylaws, the Board of Directors or the President. In the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or if there be none, the President shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors. If there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation. The President shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these Bylaws or by the Board of Directors.

        Section 6.    Vice Presidents.    At the request of the President or in his absence or in the event of his inability or refusal to act (and if there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors), the Executive Vice President or the Executive Vice Presidents if there is more than one (in the order designated by the Board of Directors) shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. Each Executive Vice President shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors from time to time may prescribe. If there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors and no Executive Vice President, the Vice President or the Vice Presidents if there is more than one (in the order designated by the Board of Directors) shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. Each Vice President shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors from time to time may prescribe. If there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors, no Executive Vice President and no Vice President, the Board of Directors shall designate the officer of the Corporation who, in the absence of the President or in the event of the inability or refusal of the President to act, shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President.

        Section 7.    Secretary.    The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of stockholders and record all the proceedings thereat in a book or books to be kept for that purpose; the Secretary shall also perform like duties for the standing committees when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or President, under whose supervision he shall be. If the Secretary shall be unable or shall refuse to cause to be given notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of

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the Board of Directors, and if there be no Assistant Secretary, then either the Board of Directors or the President may choose another officer to cause such notice to be given. The Secretary shall have custody of the seal of the Corporation and the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary, if there be one, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by the signature of the Secretary or by the signature of any such Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing by his signature. The Secretary shall see that all books, reports, statements, certificates and other documents and records required by law to be kept or filed are properly kept or filed, as the case may be.

        Section 8.    Treasurer.    The Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the President and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all his transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. If required by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of his office and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of his death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his possession or under his control belonging to the Corporation.

        Section 9.    Assistant Secretaries.    Except as may be otherwise provided in these Bylaws, Assistant Secretaries, if there be any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the President, any Vice President, if there be one, or the Secretary, and in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of his disability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the Secretary, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Secretary.

        Section 10.    Assistant Treasurers.    Assistant Treasurers, if there be any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the President, any Vice President, if there be one, or the Treasurer, and in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of his disability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the Treasurer, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Treasurer. If required by the Board of Directors, an Assistant Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of his office and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of his death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his possession or under his control belonging to the Corporation.

        Section 11.    Other Officers.    Such other officers as the Board of Directors may choose shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may delegate to any other officer of the Corporation the power to choose such other officers and to prescribe their respective duties and powers.

ARTICLE V

STOCK

        Section 1.    Shares of Stock.    The shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be represented by a certificate, unless and until the Board of Directors of the Corporation adopts a resolution permitting shares to be uncertificated. Notwithstanding the adoption of any such resolution providing

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for uncertificated shares, every holder of capital stock of the Corporation theretofore represented by certificates and, upon request, every holder of uncertificated shares, shall be entitled to have a certificate for shares of capital stock of the Corporation signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by, (a) the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Executive Vice President, and (b) the Chief Financial Officer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, certifying the number of shares owned by such stockholder in the Corporation.

        Section 2.    Signatures.    Where a certificate is countersigned by (i) a transfer agent other than the Corporation or its employee, or (ii) a registrar other than the Corporation or its employee, any other signature on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

        Section 3.    Lost Certificates.    The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate to be issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or his legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as the Board of Directors shall require and/or to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.

        Section 4.    Transfers.    Stock of the Corporation shall be transferable in the manner prescribed by applicable law and in these Bylaws. Transfers of stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation, and in the case of certificated shares of stock, only by the person named in the certificate or by such person's attorney lawfully constituted in writing and upon the surrender of the certificate therefor, properly endorsed for transfer and payment of all necessary transfer taxes; or, in the case of uncertificated shares of stock, upon receipt of proper transfer instructions from the registered holder of the shares or by such person's attorney lawfully constituted in writing, and upon payment of all necessary transfer taxes and compliance with appropriate procedures for transferring shares in uncertificated form; provided, however, that such surrender and endorsement, compliance or payment of taxes shall not be required in any case in which the officers of the Corporation shall determine to waive such requirement. With respect to certificated shares of stock, every certificate exchanged, returned or surrendered to the Corporation shall be marked "Cancelled," with the date of cancellation, by the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Corporation or the transfer agent thereof. No transfer of stock shall be valid as against the Corporation for any purpose until it shall have been entered in the stock records of the Corporation by an entry showing from and to whom transferred.

        Section 5.    Record Date.    In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

        Section 6.    Beneficial Owners.    The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of

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shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by law.

ARTICLE VI

NOTICES

        Section 1.    Notices.    Whenever written notice is required by law, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, to be given to any director, member of a committee or stockholder, such notice may be given by mail, addressed to such director, member of a committee or stockholder, at his address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United States mail. Written notice may also be given personally or by electronic facsimile, telegram, telex or cable.

        Section 2.    Waivers of Notice.    Whenever any notice is required by law, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, to be given to any director, member of a committee or stockholder, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto.

ARTICLE VII

GENERAL PROVISIONS

        Section 1.    Dividends.    Dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting, and may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in its absolute discretion, deems proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or for any proper purpose, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve.

        Section 2.    Disbursements.    All checks or demands for money and notes of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.

        Section 3.    Fiscal Year.    The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

        Section 4.    Corporate Seal.    The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization and the words "Corporate Seal, Delaware". The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.

ARTICLE VIII

INDEMNIFICATION

        Section 1.    Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings other Than Those by or in the Right of the Corporation.    Subject to Section 3 of this Article VIII, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that he is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in

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settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.

        Section 2.    Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings by or in the Right of the Corporation.    Subject to Section 3 of this Article VIII, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation; except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the Delaware Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Delaware Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

        Section 3.    Authorization of Indemnification.    Any indemnification under this Article VIII (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director or officer is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 1 or Section 2 of this Article VIII, as the case may be. Such determination shall be made (i) by a majority vote of the directors who are not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, even though less than a quorum, or (ii) by a committee of such directors designated by majority vote of such directors, even though less than a quorum, or (iii) if there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (iv) by the stockholders. To the extent, however, that a director or officer of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding described above, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection therewith, without the necessity of authorization in the specific case.

        Section 4.    Good Faith Defined.    For purposes of any determination under Section 3 of this Article VIII, a person shall be deemed to have acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, to have had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful, if his action is based on the records or books of account of the Corporation or another enterprise, or on information supplied to him by the officers of the Corporation or another enterprise in the course of their duties, or on the advice of legal counsel for the Corporation or another enterprise or on information or records given or reports made to the Corporation or another enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an appraiser or other expert selected with reasonable care by the Corporation or another enterprise. The term "another enterprise" as used in this Section 4 of this Article VIII shall mean any other corporation or any partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise of which such person is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent. The provisions of this Section 4 of this

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Article VIII shall not be deemed to be exclusive or to limit in any way the circumstances in which a person may be deemed to have met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 1 or Section 2 of this Article VIII, as the case may be.

        Section 5.    Indemnification by a Court.    Notwithstanding any contrary determination in the specific case under Section 3 of this Article VIII, and notwithstanding the absence of any determination thereunder, any director or officer may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Delaware for indemnification to the extent otherwise permissible under Sections 1 and 2 of this Article VIII. The basis of such indemnification by a court shall be a determination by such court that indemnification of the director or officer is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standards of conduct set forth in Section 1 or Section 2 of this Article VIII, as the case may be. Neither a contrary determination in the specific case under Section 3 of this Article VIII nor the absence of any determination thereunder shall be a defense to such application or create a presumption that the director or officer seeking indemnification has not met any applicable standard of conduct. Notice of any application for indemnification pursuant to this Section 5 of this Article VIII shall be given to the Corporation promptly upon the filing of such application. If successful, in whole or in part, the director or officer seeking indemnification shall also be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such application.

        Section 6.    Expenses Payable in Advance.    Expenses incurred by a director or officer in defending any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article VIII.

        Section 7.    Nonexclusivity of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses.    The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by or granted pursuant to this Article VIII shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any Bylaw, agreement, contract, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or pursuant to the direction (howsoever embodied) of any court of competent jurisdiction or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, it being the policy of the Corporation that indemnification of the persons specified in Sections 1 and 2 of this Article VIII shall be made to the fullest extent permitted by law. The provisions of this Article VIII shall not be deemed to preclude the indemnification or advancement of expenses of any person who is not specified in Section 1 or Section 2 of this Article VIII but whom the Corporation has the power or obligation to indemnify or advance expenses under the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or otherwise.

        Section 8.    Insurance.    The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power or the obligation to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of this Article VIII.

        Section 9.    Certain Definitions.    For purposes of this Article VIII, references to "the Corporation" shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors and officers, so that any person who is or was a director or officer of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,

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partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article VIII with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued. For purposes of this Article VIII, references to "fines" shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to "serving at the request of the Corporation" shall include any service as a director or officer of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director or officer with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner "not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation" as referred to in this Article VIII.

        Section 10.    Survival of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses.    The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article VIII shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer of the Corporation and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

        Section 11.    Limitation on Indemnification.    Notwithstanding anything contained in this Article VIII to the contrary, except for proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification (which shall be governed by Section 5 of this Article VIII), the Corporation shall not be obligated to indemnify any director or officer in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person unless such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized or consented to by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

        Section 12.    Indemnification of Employees and Agents.    The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board of Directors, provide rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses to employees and agents of the Corporation similar to those conferred in this Article VIII to directors and officers of the Corporation.

ARTICLE IX

AMENDMENTS

        Section 1.    Except as otherwise provided in the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed, in whole or in part, or new Bylaws may be adopted by the stockholders or by the Board of Directors, provided, however, that notice of such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption of new Bylaws be contained in the notice of such meeting of stockholders or Board of Directors, as the case may be. Except as otherwise provided in the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, all such amendments must be approved by either the holders of at least eighty percent (80%) of the combined voting power of all of the then outstanding capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, or by a majority of the entire Board of Directors then in office.

        Section 2.    Entire Board of Directors.    As used in this Article IX and in these Bylaws generally, the term "entire Board of Directors" means the total number of directors which the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies.

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Exhibit 31.1

Certification Pursuant to
Rule 13a-14(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, As Amended

I, Julia A. Stewart, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of IHOP Corp., certify that:

1.
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of IHOP Corp.;

2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;

(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 2, 2008

 

 
    /s/  JULIA A. STEWART      
Julia A. Stewart
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer



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Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, As Amended

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Exhibit 31.2

Certification Pursuant to
Rule 13a-14(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, As Amended

I, Thomas Conforti, Chief Financial Officer, certify that:

1.
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of IHOP Corp.;

2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;

(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 2, 2008

  /s/  THOMAS CONFORTI      
Thomas Conforti
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)



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Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, As Amended

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Exhibit 32.1

Certification Pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

        In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of IHOP Corp. (the "Company") for the quarter ended March 31, 2008, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 2, 2008, (the "Report"), Julia A. Stewart, as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of her knowledge, that,:

Date: May 2, 2008 /s/  JULIA A. STEWART      
Julia A. Stewart
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

        This certification accompanies the Quarterly Report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.




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Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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Exhibit 32.2

Certification Pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

        In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of IHOP Corp. (the "Company") for the quarter ended March 31, 2008, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 2, 2008, (the "Report"), Thomas Conforti, as Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of his knowledge, that,:

Date: May 2, 2008 /s/  THOMAS CONFORTI      
Thomas Conforti
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

        This certification accompanies the Report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.




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Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002